Bleak House Englands Social Institutions and Political...

Charles Dickens Bleak House presents a damning portrait of Englands social institutions and political infrastructure. The novel allows Dickens to express condemnation for the English court and judicial system; as the author purportedly stated prior to writing Bleak House, The one great principle of the English law is to make business for itself, (cited by Perdue). In addition to exposing the corruption of English common law, Dickens also draws attention to fractures in the very fabric of English society. Most of these fractures are related to social norms and ethics. Although Bleak House possesses a complicated, many-layered plot, one of the common threads remains the suffering of women and children. Esther Summerson is the novels protagonist, is born into unfortunate circumstances. Already Dickens provides social commentary on English culture. Summerson has one of the most positive, uplifting names in the novel. Her heroine status and her name are not coincidental. The entire cast of characters in Bleak House is symbolic. In fact, the whole tale is symbolic and crowded with symbols, (Introductions). Ester Summersons name connotes a strong female figurehead (Esther, from the Bible) as well as the lush liveliness of summer in her surname. The connotations are only partly ironic. Summerson emerges as a strong female character, albeit one who struggles incessantly against some of the darker elements of British society. Moreover, Dickens is sure to use the dreary

Essay on Manifest Destiny and American Politics - 658 Words

During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the United States saw many problems come and go. Some problems were more important than others, however all led to further division of American politics. The most divisive issue in American politics during this time frame was the idea of Manifest Destiny, or territorial expansion. Manifest Destiny was the idea that it was the United States’ destiny to take over all of North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Most of the public was in favor of territorial expansion, though some politicians felt it contradicted the constitution. Strict constructionists were against territorial expansion, while loose constructionists felt expansion was the United States’ destiny.†¦show more content†¦One of the supporters of Manifest Destiny was, democrat, James Polk who served as president from 1844 to 1848. Polk was strongly in favor of expanding the United States to the Pacific. This opinion won him the election of 1844. That year Henry Clay, a well known and loved figure in American politics, ran and was expected to blow, little known, Polk of the charts. The only problem was Clay was nervous about territorial expansion. He did not want was with Mexico and was unsure of the constitutionality of expanding. Polk won because the majority of the public believed in Manifest Destiny. Along with influencing presidential elections, Manifest Destiny played a role in the slavery issue. Entering the mid eighteen hundreds slavery was a very sensitive subject, and some of the bad feelings that caused this sensitivity were caused by territorial expansion. With more lands being acquired the number of slave state and free state representatives in Congress became unbalanced. This caused great distress among the senators and representatives. For instance, free state members of Congress began accusing the slave state members of conspiracies. One such accusation was made by Charles Sumner. He proposed the idea that southerners wanted to acquire more land so they could implant slavery in the territories. With more slave oriented territories that would eventually became slave states, the South would have control of Congress. This isShow MoreRelatedThe United States Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as Manifest Destiny. Over the five decades that Manifest Destiny las ted politics and the government changed along with the geographic face of the United States while the country expand to cover most of North America. Of these political changes, the death of the Federalists, birth of the Whigs and reformation of the Democratic party were among the most prominent. However an underlying conflict began to progress with each new purchase and acquisition of territory. Manifest Destiny led to multipleRead MoreManifest Destiny Of The United States1202 Words   |  5 PagesManifest destiny is one of the beliefs that existed in the United States. The latter stated belief claimed that, the settlers based in America were allowed to spread all over the continent. However, historians came into an agreement that three themes exist in relation to manifest destiny, and this include: the America’s special virtue and their institutions; America’s mission that aimed at redeeming and rebuilding the western part as per the agrarian America, and a destiny that will enhance theRead MoreManifest Destiny: Term or Reality Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe three authors that describe Manifest destiny have very different beliefs but all use one person with vastly different views on Manifest Destiny and his beliefs on the term. The person that first used the term in any form of writing was John O’ Sullivan and is accredited with coining the phrase but much of this time had this strong belief in expanding the territory and states of the United States. Their views on this term were different because some believed that the United States should expandRead MoreThe Reflection of Religious Beliefs in American Politics Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesThe Reflection of Religious Beliefs in American Politics As many people already know, politicis and religion some times go hand in hand. Recently, president Obama delivered his Inauguration Speech to the world. There were several remarks mentioned that pertained to religion. Many of the remarks can easily tie in with the American culture core values, which include, Americans are among a chosen people, manifest destiny, morality yields prosperity, and the protestant ethic. A Chosen People Read MoreManifest Destiny1327 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny is a term used to describe the reason behind the US expansion into the West. What are the social, political and economical effects of this idea on the people living in the United States colonies and the West? Manifest Destiny is a term coined by John L. Sullivan in 1845 when talking about the annexation of Texas. He believed, along with other expansionists, that it’s inevitable that the US population would spread across North America because the land is given by Providence toRead MoreThe Manifest Destiny : A Theory During The 19th Century1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe Manifest Destiny was a theory during the 19th century that many Americans believed. They believed that they were destined by God to expand from coast to coast. Andrew Jackson’s concept of the Manifest Destiny lead to the Trial of Tears because he believed it was a God-given right to attain land so he was willing to do all in his power as a president to expand the United States. He was blessed with the opportunity to expand the United States due to the global wars that transpired between FranceRead MoreThe First Televised Debate Between Richard Nixon And John F Kennedy936 Words   |  4 Pages1960s The event that kicked off the 1960s was the first televised Presidential Debate between Richard Nixon and John F Kennedy. This debate changed the way the American populous approached politics because it allowed anyone with a television to have a front row seat to the debate. Furthermore, when individuals listened on the radio, the thought that Nixon had better answers, but when citizens saw how composed John F Kennedy was, they believed that he had one. Also, the event that closed the 1960sRead MoreAmerican History : The Mexican American War Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagestoday was the Mexican-American war. This war not only shaped American politics for decades, but also fueled the sectional crisis that culminated into the infamous Civil War. Being the new country’s first armed conflict fought mainly on foreign soil, the war itself had several diplomatic implications that haunted politics for years to come. However, the war itself was fought for several political, social, and economic reasons and can be attributed with shaping the essence of American culture forever. LeadingRead MoreThe American Of The Mexican American War1664 Words   |  7 Pages2016 The Mexican American War â€Å"No President who performs his duties faithfully and conscientiously can have any leisure.† –President James K Polk. The Manifest Destiny is believed to have the primary cause of western expansion in the United States during the 19th century. This doctrine is believed to have been the primary sourcesRead MoreWhat Was Manifest Destiny And How Did The U.s.1036 Words   |  5 PagesWhat was Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. carry it out in the first half of the 19th century? Manifest Destiny was a widely held, but vaguely defined belief system popular by many in the United States during the nineteenth century. The belief was that expansion by the U.S. was justified and something that was inevitable throughout the American continents to achieve and protect the interests of its citizens. They also thought they had a god given mission to lead the world in a peaceful transition

Effective Business Communication Communication and Culture

Question: Describe about the Effective Business Communication for Communication and Culture. Answer: Self-reflection The power point presentation prepared by me and my friend is based on the topic Non Verbal Communication and Culture. During this power point presentation I with my friend have tried to cover different areas of non verbal communication. However, the main strength of the presentation is that it is successful in conveying the meaning of non verbal communication. It clearly states how the negative and how the positive behavior can be shown in terms of non verbal communication. For example, in slide 3, under the point power and dominance we have stated how in an organization the boss can show his or her negative behavior and power by non verbal communication like, sending awkward messages or maintaining a distance with the employee in a meeting. At the same time, in the same slide we have also mentioned that ways of showing positive behavior towards client. For example, we have mentioned that with a smile on face how a person can deal with the clients or customers by showing positive attitude or behavior. Another strength of the presentation is that in that presentation we have clearly mentioned about importance included in the non verbal communication at the workplace. I and my friend mentioned about total five points as the benefits or importance that can be gained from non verbal communication at workplace. For example, in slide 4, we stated non verbal communication helps to convey the attitude and the state of mind of a person, non verbal communication helps in determining the feeling of an individual about the co-workers etc. The presentation also talks about different types of non verbal communication. As for instances, eye contact, facial expression, body language etc. Along with these all, we have also mentioned about the different ways of improving the non verbal communication, which is also strength of this presentation. For example, in slide 8 we have talked about filming yourself, practicing in front of mirror etc. Although there is much strength in the presentation that I and my friend prepared, there are also some points those I would like to change if I got another chance to prepare the presentation. At first I would like to sequence of presentation. At the same time, I would also like to avoid unnecessary descriptions. For example, what is Eye Contact or what is Body Language etc. After that I would also like to change presentation about the non verbal communication in the culture by just providing some pictures. I would like to change these because these points create the weakness in the presentation and at the same time reduce the value of the presentation. The proper sequence of the presentation like, at first definition of non verbal communication with example, then its types and then its importance, helps the spectators to understand in a better way. Unnecessary descriptions reduce the interests of the spectators regarding the presentation and it also kills the time. On the other side, just picture without any single line confuses spectators because it is problematic to remember and relate the verbal definition given by me or my friend with the picture. If I got a chance to change, first of all I would like to give a clear definition of non verbal communication with an example. After that I would like to state about the types of non verbal communication in detail and then only I would state about importance that can be achieved from non verbal communication. At the time of stating about the importance I would also like to justify each point by showing how non verbal communication helps by stating examples. I would like to change these points because these would help me to convey my knowledge about the non verbal communication in a better manner. Along with that, the detail discussion on each point including the examples helps the spectators to understand the thing clearly what I am trying to convey. Examples help the spectators to relate the knowledge with the practical ground. However, I would avoid any unnecessary description. On the other side, I would like to give more focus on the point non verbal communication in culture and I would like to clearly state how it differs from culture to culture. During the presentation, I and my friend both have contributed equally to make the presentation successful. We have collected the information regarding the non verbal communication in workplace together and we have prepared the presentation slides by considering the ideas of both of us.

The Ultimate Goal of a Customer-Oriented Organization Is to Maximize Its Customer Satisfaction Essay Example

The Ultimate Goal of a Customer-Oriented Organization Is to Maximize Its Customer Satisfaction Paper The ultimate goal of a customer-oriented organization is to maximize its customer satisfaction. This topic is about the relation between the profit of a customer-oriented organization and its customer satisfaction. â€Å"The customer is KING. †. It heralds the emergence of new business paradigms that will keep pace with a world rapid changing under the impact of development. The following word will show what are the changes of marketing, what is the customer satisfaction, why the customer satisfaction is important, what is the customer-oriented organization, how to be a customer-oriented organization using the knowledge of marketing. Marketing is an organization function and a set of processes for creasing, communication, and delivering value to customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. (David L. Kurtz Boone 2010, Principles of contemporary marketing PP7) Marketing creates form, time, place, and ownership utilities. Formproduction of the good, driven by the marketing function; Timemake product available when customers want to buy the product; Placemake product available where customers will buy the product; Ownership (Possession) once you own the product, do what you want with it. (http://www. udel. du/alex/chapt1. html, 16-11-2010) Marketing has been a part of business; its importance has varied greatly. Marketing has four eras in the history: the production era, the sales era, the marketing era, and the relationship era. The production era: The prevailing attitude of this era held that a high-quality product would sell itself before 1925. The sales era: In this era, fir ms attempted to match their output to the potential number of customers who would want it in about the 1920s to 1950s. The marketing era: Marketing concept is company-wide consumer orientation with the objective of achieving long-run success. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ultimate Goal of a Customer-Oriented Organization Is to Maximize Its Customer Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Ultimate Goal of a Customer-Oriented Organization Is to Maximize Its Customer Satisfaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Ultimate Goal of a Customer-Oriented Organization Is to Maximize Its Customer Satisfaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The relationship era: This era in the history of marketing emerged during the final decade of the 20th century and continues to grow in importance. Relationship marketing involves developing long-term, value-added relationships over time with customers and suppliers. (David L. Kurtz Boone 2010, Principles of contemporary marketing PP9-11) Now the main era is still in the marketing era. Marketing does not occur in a vacuum. The marketing environment consists of external forces that directly or indirectly impact the organization. We have some environmental forces: societal, political, economic, competitive, and technology. Societal Forces: Pressure to create laws Since marketing activities are a vital part of the total business structure, marketers have a responsibility to help provide what members of society want and to minimize what they dont want. Societal forces pressure political forces to create legal forces governed by regulatory forces. Political Forces: Forces in the marketing environment that are shaped by elected (and sometimes appointed) officials that impact the decisions made by a business organization. Government officials can enact laws that could cause serious harm to specific business sectors. For example, a state that passes laws prohibiting off-shore drilling would dramatically affect oil drilling companys business outlook. Through environmental scanning a business looks at these political forces that might affect them in the short and long term. Economic forces: Marketers may need to adjust their marketing mix as the economy passes through different stages. (http://www. udel. edu/alex/chapt3. tml, 16-11-2010) Customer-oriented organization is one that allows the wants and needs of customers and potential customers to drive all the firms strategic decisions mind is that has the business philosophy incorporating the marketing concept that emphasizes first determining unmet consumer needs and then designing a system for satisfying them. Today, the marketing era is also the most important era, although it has had four eras. The organizations build on the marketing era’s customer orientation by focusing on establishing and maintaining relationships with both customers and suppliers. http://www. wordiq. com/definition/Marketing_orientation, Marketing orientation– Definition, 16-11-2010) Marketing mixing is a framework which helps to structure the approach to each market. The mix is a bundle of variables which are offered to the customer. These include the product or service itself and the price which should be charged. In 1960 Jerome McCarthey presented the 4Ps to the world. Produ ct: This means the products or services quality, the functions, the features and benefits of its design plus packaging, guarantees and level of after-sales service. Choices can be made about any of these aspects. Price: It includes recommended prices to end-user customers, distributors trade prices, cash discounts, bulk discounts, terms of credit. Place: It means where and when the customer buys and consumes the product or service. Place is sometimes referred to as the marketing channels, physical distribution, logistics or location. Promotion: It means the promotions mix or the communications mix. This mix includes advertising, sales promotions, publicity, direct mail, exhibitions, display, packaging, selling and even word-of-mouth. Customer satisfaction, a business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Customer_satisfaction, Wikipedia, 18-11-2010) Customer lifetime value: This phrase relates to a very simple concept. Every interaction you have with a customer should be done on the basis that their value to you is the total of all the purchases they will ever make, not that one sale. For example your most valuable customers are probably not those who make the biggest purchases, they are the ones who come back again and again. This way of thinking also allows you to consider marketing approaches that do not require you to make back he cost of acquiring a customer in a single sale; The cost of acquisition: It has been demonstrated that it is up to 20 times more expensive to acquire a new customer than it is to keep an existing one. A traditional sales approach can be likened to pouring new customers into a bucket with a hole in the bottom-the weaker your levels of customer retention the larger the hole. http://www. saferpak. com/csm_articles/Customer%20satisfaction_%20loyalty%20and%20profit. pdf, Customer satisfaction, loyalty and profit. understanding the links between service and the bottom line, 16-11-2010) Excellent service organizations intensively study the key drivers of people who use their products. Key drivers are the needs, wants, and expectations that a re most important to customers, and they should be part of the organization’s knowledge base. The best way to learn these key drivers is to continually and carefully study customers. Many managers think they understand the factors that contribute to customer satisfaction and intent to return. Most times, however, management’s perception does not represent the customers’ point of view, creating a disconnect between what managers think consumers prefer and what consumers actually want. (http://onlinesuccesscentre. com/tag/key-drivers-of-customer-satisfaction/, â€Å"Customer Relationship Management. 8 Common goals for a CRM Program. What are Key Drivers Of Customer Satisfaction? 18-16-2010) There are three steps to build customer relationships: Determine mutually satisfying goals between organization and customers; Establish and maintain customer rapport; Produce positive feelings in the organization and the customers. (http://www. businessballs. com/crmcustomerrelationshipmanagement. htm,18-11-2010 ) The organization should build up a â€Å"Customer-Centric Business Structure†: Customer segments that the organization wants to excel and dominate; the unique value targeted customers receive through our products and services; the critical few things that must be done well to deliver the customer value; basic building blocks to enable the creation of such critical capabilities. http://doc. mbalib. com/view/24c1de252959a991d26e421ea6a464b6. html,16-11-2010) Customer service deals with a wide range of practices used by businesses to make their customers satisfied. These practices can range from polite and friendly service to going the extra mile to ensure satisfaction is achieved. Many businesses, especially smaller ones, refer to this as the key factor in the development and success of their business. Companies that strive on developing these techniques always prosper over their competitors. There are four benefits of an effective customer relation management strategy: The organization increases profit. Business studies tell that the longer the company keeps a customer, the more money it will make in the long run. This is due to the fact, that customers always spent a little money in a new business relationship, and a lot more – when the business deals are running smoothly. The organization will survive in a competitive market. Effective customer service has grown in business for staying. With an increasing globalization, faster competition and a fast running technology and the reducing of trade barriers, competition is fierce. There are several suppliers around the world, eager to make business and to snatch your customers and the opportunity to satisfy customers. If you do not deliver to the customers – you will not survive. The organization will reach a higher

a peice of my heart essays

a peice of my heart essays The "other" Vietnam Vets Everybody knows about the men who served in Vietnam. They have at least heard of the mentally trying conditions during the war and the resulting "post traumatic stress syndrome" (PTSD) so many veterans suffered from, or heard of the issues concerning negative public opinion of veterans for their role in a hated war. However, few are aware of the female role in the Vietnam War; women, the "other" veterans, shared in all of these problems and issues along with the gun-toting men. They were the nurses, and in A Piece of My Heart by Keith Walker the stories of many women are presented to better understand just how the Vietnam War affected women. Working in places like evacuation hospitals exposed women to the endless flow of casualties from the battlefield, and these experiences took major mental tolls upon the minds of the women who had to assist them, especially in their considerations for the value of human life. Women experienced other problems upon returning home such as the same PTSD and outlashes by anti-war protesters. Women were veterans of Vietnam just like the men, and they experienced many of the same problems as a result of their role there. Women were exposed to an enormous amount of pain while in Vietnam. As veteran Rose Sandecki said, "[The Vietnam] War really did a number on all of us, the women as well as the men" (20). Nurses in Vietnam were exposed to a nonstop flow of casualties from the field. The landing of a Chinook with mass casualties on board had become a standard to Christine Schneider, a nurse in Da Nang. Practically every nurses story described the hospital scenes in Vietnam as "busy." Jill Mishkel explained that she experienced a minimum of at least one death per day. As Ms. Schneider described, "There was just too much death" (46). Ms. Schneider also mentioned, "Everybody was bad" (45); nurses only saw the bad because they were surrounded by it, day in and day out. Charlotte Mi...

Violence Essays - Dispute Resolution, Criminology, Media Influence

Violence Essays - Dispute Resolution, Criminology, Media Influence Violence The last five years have seen an increase in the stand on violence in movies. As action movies with their big stars are taken to new heights every year, more people seem to argue that the violence is influencing our country?s youth. Yet, each year, the amount of viewers also increases. This summer?s smash hit Independence Day grossed more money than any other film in history, and it was full of violence. The other summer hits included Mission: Impossible, Courage Under Fire, and A Time to Kill. All of these movies contained violence, and all were highly acclaimed. And all, with the exception of Independence Day, were aimed toward adults who understood the violence and could separate screen violence from real violence. There is nothing wrong with having violence in film. If an adult wants to spend an evening watching Arnold Schwartzenager Save the world, then he should have that right. Film critic Hal Hinson enjoys watching movies. In fact, he fell in love with movies at the same time that he remembers being afraid for the first time. He was watching Frankenstein, and, as he described in his essay ?In Defense of Violence,? it played with his senses in such a way that he instantaneously fell in love with movies. . The danger was fake, but Hinson described that it played with his senses in such a way that he almost instantly fell in love. Hinson feels that most movie lovers were incited by the same hooks as himself. Movies were thrilling, dangerous, and mesmerizing (Hinson 581-2). Hinson says that as a culture, we like violent art. Yet this is not something that is new to today's culture. The ancient Greeks perfected the genre of tragedy with a use of violence. According to Hinson, they believed that "while violence in life is destructive, violence in art need not be; that art provides a healthy channel for the natural aggressive forces within us" (Hinson 585). Today, the Greek tragedy is not often seen, but there are other shows movies that embody and use violence. Tom and Jerry, The Three Stooges, and popular prime time shows including the highly acclaimed NYPD Blue and ER are all violent. There is a surplus of violent movies in Hollywood. Usually, the years highest moneymakers are violent. Even Oscar winning movies, those movies that are "the best of the year," have violence in them. Silence of the Lambs, Unforgiving, and In the Line of Fire are just a few. Even with all this violence on both the small and big screen, Hinson makes a clear statement that real-life violence is the problem, not movie violence. He feels that people fear screen violence because they fear we might become what is depicted on screen. Hinson feels that to enjoy violence, one must be able to distinguish between what is real and what is not (Hinson 587). Another essay, this one entitled ?Popcorn Violence,? illustrates how the type of violence seen in film and television is completely different than real life violence. The author, Roger Rosenblatt, describes how young children can be exposed to screen violence early on in life, yet the type of violence is so fictional that the connection between what is seen on television and what goes on out in the streets is never made. The example Rosenblatt uses to illustrate this point is wrestling. In professional wrestling there are good guys, such as Hulk Hogan and Randy ?Macho Man? Savage, and bad guys, which includes the likes of The Undertaker and Rowdy Piper. Every Saturday morning they go into the ring and fight. Its good versus bad. The show, of course, is humorous, as it is meant to be. The characters are so strange that they are comical. They roam around the ring, yelling and screaming, looking quite ridiculous. They play to the crowd, either making them boo or cheer. Occasionally, for example, if say Hulk Hogan is winning a fight, the bad guy?s friends might join in and gang up on Hulk. All of this violence, and the kids love it (Rosenblatt 589). The same occurs in ?action? movies. There is a good guy and a bad guy, but the bad guy usually has lots of friends, and they all gang up on the good guy. Rosenblatt explains that sometimes you root for the good guys, and other times for the bad guys. He says that we root for the bad because sometimes ?you?re simply bored with the

Organisational Behaviour Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organisational Behaviour - Literature review Example This paper can help at understanding the concept of organizational behavior. It is important because without it, innovation and changes can never be welcomed which are hugely necessary for maintaining a successful position in the market and ensuring customer satisfaction. Facts and literature review presented in this paper are basically meant to address the problem that â€Å"with fierce competitiveness that forms the hallmark of the present business age, resolving myriad organizational behavior issues like leadership, change, etc. remain unaddressed due to which the whole organizational structure starts destroying beyond repair.† Literature review included in this paper focuses on addressing this problem and the need to maintain stability in an organization and for this, both leaders and employees should respect each other while taking care to add the element of solidarity to the organizational framework. According to, strict yet understanding and focused leadership is excess ively important for stabilizing the structural framework of organizational behavior. A leader should definitely ensure if all of the employees, should they experience any issue or problem, have easy access to him/her or not for discussing that issue. Most of the times, conflicts arise when there is no kind of communication or any friendly relation between the leader and subordinates, with the result that small issues grow into an oversized giant creating much trouble and pandemonium in an organization. The research study presented by (Mills, 2005) in his book regarding the critical importance of leadership lays stress on the need to adopt such a leading style that would not discourage the employees to bring forward any ideas they have in their minds for the betterment of the organization, rather a broadminded leader should hold regular meetings with the employees working at every level so that intricate visions can be shared and strategies can be introduced. It is a reality that foc used leadership and positive organizational behavior â€Å"focuses primarily on constructs such as compassion, virtue, and forgiveness as ends in themselves for today’s organizations.† (Luthans, 2002, p. 698). With a haphazard and uncoordinated leadership that never remains focused, organizational setup becomes stagnated, slow, and targets become virtually unreachable. It is justifiably claimed that â€Å"walking at the front isn’t really leadership unless the person in front is actually choosing the direction!† (Mills, 2005, p. 14). Coming to the models that organizations around the world operate out of, (Medsker, Williams, & Holahan, 1994, pp. 439-464) have laid emphasis on the four major models proposed for broadening the concept about organizational behavior and recent developments made in these models since the time they were introduced. This research study lays particular stress on the need to evaluate these models so that ambiguities could be remov ed and better understanding for the overall benefit of an organization could be ensured between the leaders and employees. Development of understanding and bias-free respect for each is majorly marred by negative notions that are most of the times, absolutely groundless and by following a set useful organizational behavior model, coherency in thinking and implementing ideas can be achieved by the leaders. The autocratic model is probably the most

Immigration in the UK Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Immigration in the UK - Dissertation Example Immigration in the United Kingdom has been rising at an unprecedented rate offering benefits and challenges to the government of the United Kingdom. The UK recognized the immigration laws and act by introducing the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962. Prior to this, people were free to move in the country without prosecution. Immigration issues came into the limelight during the tenure of the Labour Government that did not focus much on immigration issues and problems. Immigration was not limited and was expanding mainly on the economic grounds. People move to another country mainly because of professional opportunities and based on this notion, skilled labors without any job offer were allowed to migrate in the country, this created the pressure on the economy along with affecting the social environment in the form of creating a gap between the demand and supply factor. Immigration laws and regulations are ever changing and at present have drawn great attention from every corner of the social, business, and political environment making it one of the most important acts having direct influence over the social and political environment. The scope of the research can be considered as quite broad considering the fact that it assesses and investigates the immigration policies of the UK in a logical and systematic manner. Moreover, the research also investigates the immigration policies of other countries in the literature review to form an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of immigration.

Persuasive Essay Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Essay Essay When you rummage through your refrigerator what do you seek? A bag of chips, a fruity flavored yogurt, some buttery popcorn? Whatever it is, it all fills you up. Whether it is with a junky treat or something partially healthy. Whatever you choose, it impacts you. It affects the way you sleep, the energy you have, and your blood sugar. So the little discussion of picking a chocolate bar and an apple impacts you greatly in the long run. This is why you should start making healthier choices now when you are still growing. I must admit it is easier for me to choose eating junk food. It may seem yummy and delicious, but its not. Almost every single piece of junk food is either full with fat or artificial flavorings. Did you know that the McDonalds fries contain 610 calories and 29 grams of fat? If you ate a Burger King, meal that contains 1,800 calories, it would take you nearly 6 hours of intense bicycle riding to burn away the calories. The average American kid eats at McDonalds at least one time each month. Teenagers drink around the average of 760 cans of soda per year. And not only does junk food just add fat and other unwanted substances to your body, it also harms you. Obesity is the second cause of death in America. The consumption of sodas has increased the risk of diabetes. Junk food is the major cause of most heart diseases or failures. Junk food causes high cholesterol, which causes long-term damage to your liver. Wow, pretty scary right? Ways to decrease junk food consumption would be the next time when you are rummaging through your refrigerator stop and choose the vegetable section. Pick a banana, or apple. Or leave junk food off-limits until special days or weekends. There are multiple ways, but the biggest way is the next time something sugary is about to go into your mouth, stop and think about all the negative sides. Because not only does junk food affect your weight, it affects your future.

Frantz Fanon and Cultural Nationalism in Ireland :: Essays Papers

Frantz Fanon and Cultural Nationalism in Ireland Only recently has Ireland been included in the extensive study of postcolonial societies. Our geographical closeness to Britain, the fact that we are racially identical, the fact that we speak the same language and have the same value systems make our status as postcolonial problematic. Indeed, some would argue it is impossible to tell the difference between Irish and British. However, to mistake Irish for English to some is a grave insult. In this essay, I would like to look at Ireland’s emerging postcolonial status in relation to Frantz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth’. By examining Fanon’s theories on the rise of cultural nationalism in colonised societies, one can see that events taking place in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century bear all the hallmarks of a colonised people’s anti-colonial struggle through the revival of a culture that attempts to assert difference to the coloniser and the insistence on self-government. The years 1870 to 1890 in Ireland saw the fervent battle of Charles Stewart Parnell and his Home Rule party for home rule in Ireland. This consisted of Ireland having its own parliament to deal with internal affairs while still remaining under the control of Westminster in international affairs. It was not the desire for a full separation from Britain that would come later. However, by 1890, problems in Parnell’s personal life lead to a breakdown in communication with the Prime Minister and to a split in the Home Rule party. According to M E Collins, this left a void in Irish politics and life that was filled with a new cultural awareness and a questioning of Irish identity: ‘the new movements were different. They stressed the importance of Irish identity, Irish race and Irish culture’ (170 M E Collins, Ireland 1868 - 1966). It is at this point that Fanon’s ‘Wretched of the Earth’ becomes relevant to Irish history. In his chapter entitle d ‘On National Consciousness’, Fanon stresses the colonised native fears of being assimilated totally into the culture of the coloniser, of being ‘swamped’ (169 Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth). These were the exact concerns that occupied the minds of the Irish people after the failure of home rule. They began to be anxious about what Collins terms ‘the distinguishing marks of Irishness’: ‘a culture and language that was different to Britain’s’.

Minor Characters With Major Influence Essay

Addie Bundren was a strong but mysterious woman. She had many children that loved her dearly that would do bizarre things for her. She was a minor character in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying but she played a major role in that she affected the actions of the characters of the Bundren family. Jewel is Addie’s third child but not Anse’s child. Jewel is the product of an affair that Addie had with Whitfield, the town minister. Addie spoiled Jewel because he was a symbol of her happiness with Whitfield. Jewel constantly pushes his luck with Addie, getting into all the trouble he can possibly think of, but he loves his mother. Jewel just wants Addie to be able to die in peace and quiet without Cash sawing away at her coffin where she can see and Dewey constantly fanning the air away from Addie’s face (Faulkner 15). Jewel’s love for his mother is more openly expressed when he runs into the barn to save her coffin from the burning barn (Faulkner 222). Anse is so determined to carry out Addie’s final wish and bury her with her relatives in Jefferson. It takes the Bundren family nine days to deliver Addie’s dead body to her final resting place. During the journey Darl tries to destroy the coffin in a barn fire (Faulkner 219). Darl loves Addie just like Jewel and can not bear to see her memory desecrated by this long journey so he tries to burn the body. By this time Darl seems to have started to go insane. Really Darl is the only sane person on that whole trip. He tried to get rid of the putrid corpse and let his mother be remembered with her name still intact. Cash labors day and night over his mother’s coffin, cutting each board carefully and showing them to Addie basically saying ‘Look at the wonderful job I’m doing for you’. Cash even continues on the journey after he broke his leg while saving Addie’s coffin. Even after his leg begins to fester and swell, he never complains about it paining him. Cash’s selflessness is unwavering as he makes this journey for Addie and his family to lay Addie to rest. Cash even refused medical attention until there journey was complete because of his devotion to Addie and her wishes. All in all Addie Bundren is a very important in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying even though she is rarely heard throughout the novel. She is a major influence on her family. She had the most influence on Darl, Jewel, and Cash, her older sons. Her influence causes her family to do bizarre and dangerous things for her to honor her memory. Works Cited Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying. New York: Random House Inc., 1990. Print.

The old man and the sea by Earnest Hemmingway, alternate ending

He took all his pain and what was left of his strength and his long gone pride and he put it against the fishes agony and the fish came over to his side and swam gently on his side, his bill almost touching the planking of the skiff, and started to pass the boat, long, deep, wide, silver and barred with purple and interminable in the water. The old man dropped the line and put his foot on it and lifted he harpoon high and drove it down with all his remaining strength. He watched as it passed straight through the side of the great fish, staining the deep blue waters red, leaving swirls of maroon in its wake, little ghost fish sent to mock me he thought. The great fish swam away with the little rope going straight through the flesh near the base of its tail. ‘I feel your pain' the old man spoke out loud to the fish. The harpoon must be jammed against his side and unable to come back through, he thought. Oh great fish, fine friend, what an ignoble end this will give, why this is worse than bone spurs, it must be. The pressure against his shoulders had lessened, the acute pain from the line cutting his right hand eased. ‘So, I have no strength left you, have beaten me worthy adversary, but to do so you will die a long drawn out slow death, like a criminal chained to another' The words hurt his dry lips increasing the depth of the furrows in the flesh. ‘I will not bring you in like this' he spoke again to the marlin, not after all that we have been through, he thought, no I will not shame either of us like this. If the fish managed to free itself before he could untie the rope from the bitt the resulting hole left behind would equivalent to a feast for two families. His head was getting fuzzy again, but the thought to free the fish remained strong. ‘I will cut you loose' he said ‘yes I have my knife, I will make both my hands work for this'. He took his knife and sawed at the rope, back and forth, back and forth cutting it with the rhythm of the waves. He used his left hand to press down on top of the other as much as it would allow him to. After what felt like an age he broke right through the rope, as the last few strands were severed, his left hand cramped again causing him to drop his knife into the vast waters. But the rope was cleaved in two, he had freed his adversary. He rested then, dipping his hands one at a time in the healing cleansing salty sea. Taking time to recover from his efforts, the pressure of the line a constant ache across his shoulders, he pondered the repercussions of sailing the skiff so far out. I shouldn't have gone out so far fish, he thought, aloud he said ‘I'm sorry'. As he continued to ponder the wiseness of the distance his head started to clear. The loss of his knife playing on his mind. ‘Oh why am I so stupid?' he whispered in a harsh tone. Of course he thought to himself, ESTUPIDO! He silently cursed his foolishness. It was my head, it was unclear, the flying fish I ate was long ago. Why didn't I just untie the rope from the bitt? Why did I cut it? How much energy did I waste sawing? My knife, my knife, it would be here if I had not been so stupid, the thoughts wound around and around his head. ‘Oh great fish I bet you'd of never committed such a stupid act' He said to the moving fin of the fish. The great fish carried on swimming, slowly but steadily, the phosphorescent trails of its blood faint now, almost gone. The marlin had slowed, the old man noticed, he thought the lack of food must be taking its toll on him as well by now. He must get some rest, even the great DiMaggio must rest sometimes, even before the bone spurs he must have worn himself out, he must have tired and wanted, no, longed for rest. Longed for rest, just like he did. I bet the wonderful DiMaggio's' father the great fisherman would understand, he said to himself, he must of fought some great battles on the sea, to be able to pass on the great wisdom help Joe to be so great. Just a few minutes rest, even a few minutes would be good he didn't want to get confused again. Yes he would rest, and then try to catch a fish, a flying fish that would be good; they taste nice even without salt or lime. But first he would rest. He was disturbed about 15 minutes later. By a tugging on his right hand, an increased pressure cutting into his shoulder blades. The fish was turning! He had started circling; he was on the path to the fisherman's hands now. He adjusted the line drawing it in slowly, he didn't want to break it. ‘I must be gentle, I must be smooth,' he thought, ‘I can be tricky, I can be clever, I won't let the line snag.' He knew that any sudden tugging on the line could tear the hook from its slender hold in the marlins mouth. The fish had circled nearly 360à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ it had taken what seemed like a lifetime to the old man. All the while slowly and carefully drawing the thick line through his useless almost lifeless left hand, across his martyred back and then through his right hand, his strong hand. ‘Gentle, I can be gentle, I can be crafty, wily, I am a great fisherman, like father DiMaggio, come to me, my friend, my equal, come to me I am experienced, it will be sure and swift.' He chanted to the fish. The fish carried on its slow turn all the while, in perfect ignorance of what the old man was telling it. It continued its circle until it had turned another half, and straightened out all the time swimming steadily. ‘You tease me' he said to the marlin ‘you do not think of me as worthy, I can best you I am not dead yet.' He settled into the salty planks of the skiff, resting his back but careful of the line running across it. I will rest for a while he thought to himself, then I will try to get a fish. After taking a few sips from his water bottle he felt for the excess coil securing it on his toe, and closed his eyes. The world started spinning, he opened his eyes a feeling of nausea rising in this throat. I am so tired he thought to him self, so tired and weak he closed his eyes again swallowing down the bile that was threatening to come out. Trembling he tried to rest, many minutes passed before the compulsive swallowing stopped and his breathing steadied. He dreamt of the lions on the beach again, but it was different this time. The lions came not to gamble and play, but sat quietly and still on the sand, almost as though they were waiting for something. It was dark again when he awoke, the tendrils of fog dancing and swaying in the moon beams. It took him a few moments to adjust to being awake. He thought for a while that he was in his shack, lying comfy and cosy on his bed of newspapers. Then the pressure of the line filtered through his hazy thoughts. I am in my boat, I am fishing, then the realisation of his fight to snare the marlin rushed towards the surface. ‘the fish!' he croaked jumped up, his head spinning around to locate the fish, when he saw it swimming along unconcerned at the private battle aboard the skiff, the relief that washed over him was like a healing balm, a balm that melted away as he fumbled for the line realising that it had slipped from his shoulders. His cold and sleepy hands nearly dropped the line, but he managed to flounder around until his right hand grappled and gripped at the line, then his slower left hand finally found purchase and finished the job of adjusting the line so it was snug against his shoulder blades. He gazed around at the stars realising that he was heading in the direction of home. Well my fine friend, we best end this soon or the waters will get too shallow, and you will scrape your fine scales, he chuckled silently casting his gaze around searching for his fish. He had surfaced again in the night; it must be getting close to an ending the old man thought. It'll soon be time for the home run, where's that water; he reached over feeling for his bottle. Sipping slowly Santiago glimpsed a shape moving around the skiff. ‘What's that?' he started, more quietly now he said, ‘that's a snub nose, no, no there are two' he said as he spotted a second fin gliding towards the boat. The circled the boat coming at it from different directions, then one changed course heading towards the fish. He must be leaving blood trails calling out to the shark, diner time come and get me, thought the old man. As the snub nose headed towards the fish the old man started beating the surface of the water with an oar. He screamed at them in a cracked and wasted voice ‘here you bastardos, here, leave him alone, you are nothing but unworthy scavengers, brainless useless scum' he continued to beat the ocean erratically , splashing and churning up the expanse of blue, making it turn to darker and lighter blues, vermilions and a lilac that was reminiscent of the marlins stripes. ‘He's mine' he screamed at the sharks. One of the came close to the boat, he could see it cold, pitiless eyes. Gathering what little strength he had he lifted the oar above his head, cursing his decrepit left hand, as he brought the oar down in a solid blow between its eyes. The shark twitched violently lunging at the oar, snapping the blade with his fearsome teeth. Santiago twisted the shards round and managed to pierce an eye. He watched the shark back off. You are no match for me, he thought, even the boy, as green as he still is could beat you. He continued to beat the water but in a gesture of triumph now, ‘get lost, get lost you scum' he shouted as he thrashed his hands around in the water. ‘You won't have my fish, it's not for you!' Suddenly he felt a searing, burning pain, then a wave of blackness threatened to overcome him, but some basic animal instinct took over and he shook his head clearing it. The pain took over again then. What is this, what is happening? He thought to himself, feeling strangely detached from the excruciating pain. I have been bitten, ‘I have been bitten!' he shouted in shock, ‘the shark has bitten me' he said in a quieter weaker voice, as he saw the partner to the shark he had hit gliding away. He must have sneaked in behind me, he thought getting groggy by now, they were jealous of my fish, my fish that fly's, my fantastic friend. He was swaying but not in time with the ocean now. The old man crumbled gently to the deck of the skiff. Flee, fly my friend, he mumbled as the dark fog enclosed him. The fish carried on smoothly through the water, appearing impervious to the wound it had sustained. Manolin was on the beach early, as he had been every day since the old man had been gone. When his father had mentioned it to him, whilst complaining that he boy was half asleep when fishing, Manolin had replied I will look for him, I will wait for him, I will not abandon him for I believe in him. As the boy gazes out to see he spots a deeper shadow in the sea, what is that? He thinks squinting his eyes, trying to see clearer. It is to far to be sure but he knows that it is Santiago, returning home. ‘Pedrico! Pedrico, it is Santiago, he is returning home, his luck has turned!' he shouted down the beach, thinking to himself, I hope his luck has returned, I so want him to be coming back with a good catch. It is not right that he should have such bad luck; he will not be able to take much more. Meanwhile Pedrico had gathered more of the locals, they were making their way to the edge of the sand. Chattering and gossiping amongst themselves. The boat was close enough now to be sure that it was a skiff, but what was that in front of it? ‘My god it's a fish', ‘no, it's a shark', ‘it's not real, it's a demon' ‘a fish?', ‘it's unnatural' were some of the mutterings that could be heard from the crowd. The boy just stood with his mouth slightly open and a waxen hue to his face. It was closer now they could see without a shadow of a doubt, that it was a huge fish in front of the skiff pulling it along, in fact even those that were slow to believe were starting to realise it was a marlin. The boy started shaking and crying as it got closer and closer, he could hear the intakes of breaths and gasps from the crowd next to him fade into to silence as they all realised that the fish was not going to stop. Manolin wasn't sure what or even how he was feeling, he had never encountered a situation like this, and it was way beyond anything his emotions had ever strived to cope with before, let alone made sense of. The whole beach waited agog as the fish reached the edge of the sand still towing the skiff behind. It seemed to him the only two sounds in the world were the beating of his heart hammering in his ears and the unusually grating sound of the waves breaking on the shore. He tensed as the fish drove himself on to the unnatural environment of the sandy shore; pushing and pushing its ravaged body until it was well and truly grounded. Before the crowd had recovered enough from the shocking spectacle unfolding in front of them to move, the boy had waded out to the small boat, a true fisherman now perhaps, as even under the strain of what had transpired, a part of his mind noticed and admired the sheer size of the marlin. The crowd had just began to recover from their collective stupor enough to move when a howling keening sound arose from the boys mouth, ‘NOoooooooooooooo. He can't die, not now look at his catch, SANTIAGO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Santiago' The boy trailed off into a soft whimper, shrugging off the hands that appeared to try and pat him with gestures of comfort. Then he jumped up suddenly shouting ‘get off, GET OFF! GET OFF!' as he started to dash towards the fish he pushed the onlookers out of the way, and rounding on a pair of fishermen that had been about to club the fish and screeched ‘ NO!' He drew a ragged breath before he carried on, ‘don't you see Santiago has brought his catch home?' the men nodded shocked. ‘Well don't you think that is a special fish, leading him home? If fact grounding itself in the process' before they could reply he continued ‘well, don't you think that they must of shared spirits, two so brave and clever, despite bad luck?' with that he turned to the most superstitious member of the village and said ‘that is right isn't, it that's what the old stories tell us?' The old man stared at the boy for a second then said ‘yes they will have shared courage therefore their spirits would have mingled' in a slow and halting voice, then stronger ‘yes he is right! This great marlin, noble marlin is as Santiago' The boy turned back towards the fish, ‘then we have to save this fish, we should revere such a miracle not haste its passing. Would you club Santiago's body if it were that in front of you? The crowd denied this as a group; hurt a member of their community? Never. Right said the boy in a more confident tone ‘lets get him to the water, come on, I cant move him on my own' the others started to help, all the while encouraged by the boy who was not a boy anymore ‘gently, careful now' ‘look at that wound, it is very bad, but one as strong as this will heal' silently to himself, he prayed that it would heal. They got the fish to the water before they noticed the hole in its lip where the hook had finally ripped away. The boy checked the unnaturally still fish over for ropes, lines and hooks then trying to get a quick look to assess the condition of the fish. All the while the fish stayed still. The boy whispered ‘goodbye, and thank you, Joe DiMaggio rules' The fish turned its kingly head towards the boy, and with the flick of a tale was gone, going beneath the surface as soon as it could. The crowd thinned until it was just the boy watching, alone, his eyes all bleary from unshed tears; just as he turned he thought he saw the glistening body of the majestic fish leaping through the air. But when he turned back to see clearer, there was nothing there.

Discrmination essays

Discrmination essays Throughout the years of US history there have been countless acts of discrimination, of all sorts, and there have been an immense amount of cases filed in regards to these acts. Although it is commonly believed that discrimination is always illegal, the courts have repeatedly upheld discrimination in some circumstances but not in others. In the case of Roberts vs. U.S. Jaycees and the United States vs. Virginia et al. the courts ruled organizations could not exclude women but in the case of Boy Scouts of America vs. Dale, the court ruled the Boy Scouts did not violate Dales rights by excluding him from being a troop in the Boy Scouts. In 1984 there was the Supreme Court case of Roberts vs. U.S. Jaycees. The United States Jaycees was founded in 1920 in order to promote and foster the development of young men through civic and charitable works. The dilemma this group faced was that it restricted its voting membership to men only, and of the ages 18 to 35. Hence, women were discriminated upon because of this limit. The Human Rights Act of Minnesota denied discrimination on the grounds of race, color, creed, religion, disability, and natural origin, in public accommodations. However, more importantly it denied discrimination on the grounds of sex. (Roberts vs. US, in Voices of Diversity, p. 155). The Jaycees were unable to display that the Act imposed any serious burdens on the male members freedom of expressive association. The organization provides training for its members that better ones advantage in business, and these advantages will now be available to women thanks to the application of the Minnesota Act. Therefore the Supreme Court basically upheld the rights of the citizens, by law, and made women equals within the organizations membership regulations, because it was a public association. (Roberts vs. US, in Voices of Diversity, p. 155). In 1984 there was the Supreme Court case of United States vs. Virgin...

MORRIS Surname Meaning and Family History

MORRIS Surname Meaning and Family History The Morris surname has several possible origins: As an English or Scottish surname, Morris may have originated as Maurice, an Old French personal name derived from the Latin Mauritius, a given name itself  derived from the Old French more (Latin maurus), meaning moorish or dark, swarthy. In this respect it was often a nickname given to someone with dark skin. Morris may also have derived as an Anglicized form of the Welsh personal name Meurig, also from the Latin Mauritius.Possibly an Anglicized form of the ancient Irish name Ó  Muirgheasa (variant  Ãƒâ€œ Muirghis), a personal name thought to derive from muir, meaning sea and geas, meaning taboo or prohibition.Morris may also have originated as a  variant of the German Moritz, or as an Americanized form of other like-sounding Jewish surnames. Morris is the 56th most popular surname in the United States. Morris is also popular in England, coming in as the 32nd most common surname. Surname Origin:  English, Irish, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MORRISS, MORISH, MORISSH, MORCE, MORSE, MORRISEY, MORICE, MORRICE   Famous People with the MORRISSurname Robert Morris Jr.  - American merchant and banker known as the financier of the American RevolutionWilliam Morris  -  American theatrical agent who founded the  William Morris Agency, one of the foremost theatrical agencies in the U.S.Lewis Morris  -  American land owner and developer, and signatory of the Declaration of IndependenceMargaretta Morris  -  American entomologistWilliam Morris  - British writer and artist; one of the principal founders of the  British Arts and Crafts Movement Where is the MORRIS Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, Morris is the 805th most common surname in the world- found most prevalently in the United States, where it ranks 54th, but also very common in Liberia (17th), Wales (18th), England (39th), Jamaica (46th) and Australia (55th). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  also show the Price surname as especially common in Wales, as well as in the West Midlands region of England. Within the United States, Price is most common in the state of North Carolina, followed by South Carolina and West Virginia.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MORRIS 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Morris DNA ProjectThis DNA project connects individuals with the Morris surname, or variants such as Maurice, Moris, Morres, Morress, Morrice, or Morriss,  who are interested in using DNA testing to help discover common Morris ancestors. Morris Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Morris family crest or coat of arms for the Morris surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. MORRIS Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Morris surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Morris query. FamilySearch - MORRIS GenealogyExplore over 11  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Morris  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - MORRIS  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Morris. GeneaNet - Morris  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Morris  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Morris  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Morris  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Patriot Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patriot Act - Essay Example the freedom of speech and assembly (First Amendment); the freedom from unreasonable search and seizure (Fourth Amendment); the right to due process of law (Fifth Amendment); the right to a speedy, public and fair trial along with the right to counsel and to confront the accuser (Sixth Amendment), the freedom from cruel and unusual punishment (Eighth Amendment) and freedom from punishment without conviction (13th Amendment). According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and encourages enhanced sharing of information among various law enforcement agencies at the local, state and federal levels. In addition, this law assists law enforcement in their efforts to â€Å"connect the dots† from a wider scope of agencies when assembling evidence so as to â€Å"develop a complete picture† regarding possible threats from terrorists (Ward, 2002). The PATRIOT Act gives law enforcement more latitude when attempting to intercept transmissions of ‘suspected terrorist’s’ discussions via electronic surveillance. Agents of the government can now secretly tap into any citizen’s phone calls or internet communications including all visited web sites (Rackow, 2002). If directed by the Justice Department, police officers can enter people’s homes without benefit of a warrant and even seize their belongings and not ever have to inform the homeowner of the se arch. Individuals as well as religious and political organizations can legally be spied on by law enforcement agencies whether or not those agencies can produce any evidence a crime has or is planning to be committed. In addition, citizens are denied their Fifth Amendment right of due process by the Act. They can be forcibly detained and refused access to an attorney with no evidence being supplied by which to justify this previously illegal action. Critics of the Act suggest that is in contradiction to the tenants of the First Amendment. As an example, a citizen can be identified and treated as

Illegal Involvement with Drugs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Illegal Involvement with Drugs - Assignment Example According to Guideline E on personal conduct, if a person is dishonest or unwilling to comply with the regulations, this would be an indicator that such a person may not properly safeguard classified information (US government Publishing Office 1). In this case, Smith is dishonest about his travel to Russia and Italy. For instance, he gave contradicting dates about his travel to Russia. In addition, he failed to state that he had traveled to Italy giving an excuse that he was young. Moreover, he was unable to explain the reason why he was concealing information about his other social security number. This is an indication that he is a dishonest person who cannot be entrusted with highly classified information. In the second case, Kidwell should be given a temporary eligibility according to part 147 of the guidelines. This is because an intensive investigation needs to be conducted in order to know whether having two closely related social security numbers was a strategy to make malicious dealings (US government Publishing Office 1). However, the fact that she has come out and declared that this issue existed without concealing and being compelled is an aspect that indicates that she is an honest person. Temporal access would give time to authority to investigate about all credit information provided in the form and through the interview. The defense security service acts as an administrator of the National Security Industrial Program. In addition, it controls and influences foreign ownership. Furthermore, it supports the National Industrial security on issues related to personnel security clearances.  

Analyze how moses is related to the herioc model Essay

Analyze how moses is related to the herioc model - Essay Example   Moses’ leadership was known as directed by God; He who is God was the One responsible for all the directions and instructions that Moses was giving to his people, the Israelites. Moses goal is to free the Israelites from slavery under the Egyptians and deliver them to the promise land, Canaan, a land where milk and honey were overflowing. But their journey towards the promise had never been that easy, it was a journey accompanied by temptations and bloodshed to which they were strengthened by faith. Their entrance would be accompanied by the power and presence of God Himself, for He alone would be their strength and victory. That God would be with them Israel in their taking of the land was as much a trustworthy promise as the land itself; indeed, perhaps more so. However, as we know, Israel did not really receive the inheritance promised, at least not fully. Forgetting the command of the Lord, they prostituted themselves with other gods and committed idolatry. Eventually, the people of Israel were taken into exile. The Promised Land given to them by God was taken away. The promise remained unfulfilled.As we saw by Moses' response to the oppression of his fellow Jew, he certainly did possess leadership qualities. The model of leadership in the Jewish tradition is not the individual who is willing to subjugate others, rather the individual who is willing to sacrifice for others. Moses was the most modest of men, became the finest leader and teacher that our people have had.

Jean Piagets Theory Essay Example for Free

Jean Piagets Theory Essay Piaget’s theory is based on stages, whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking. Children in stage one cannot think the same as children in stage 2, 3 or 4 etc. Transitions from one stage to another are generally very fast, and the stages always follow an invariant sequence. Another important characteristic of his stage theory is that they are universal; the stages will work for everyone in the world regardless of their differences (except their age, of course, which is what the stages are based on!) Piaget acknowledged that there is an interaction between a child and the environment, and this is a focal point for his theory. He believed a child cannot learn unless they are constantly interacting with their environment, making mistakes and then learning from them. He defined children as â€Å"lone scientists†; he did not identify any need for teachers or adults in cognitive development. Children have all the cognitive mechanisms to learn on their own, and the interaction with their environment allows them to do so. To put this in perspective, another theory by Lev Vygotsky suggested that the interaction is not important at all; the child will learn when encouraged to with an adult’s assistance. I will be explaining then contrasting Vygotsky’s theory to Piaget’s in my next post – so be sure to check back for that! With the background of his theory explained, let’s look at – The Key Concepts of Piaget’s theory: Before explaining the main part of Piaget’s theory (the four stages), it’s very important to look at some of the underlying principles behind it. Rather than write a stupidly long paragraph explaining it all, I will write the key terms in bold, then explain them in bullet points – just to keep things simple! †¢Schema (pl. Schemata, although some say â€Å"Schemas† for the plural) Possibly one of the most important concepts put forward by Piaget, Schemata help individuals understand the world they inhabit. They are cognitive structures that represent a certain aspect of the world, and can be seen as categories which have certain pre-conceived ideas in them. For example, my schema for Christmas includes: Christmas trees, presents, giving, money, green, red, gold, winter, Santa Claus etc. Someone else may have an entirely different schema, such as Jesus, birth, Church, holiday, Christianity etc. Of course, there are schemata for all kinds of things – yourself (self schemata), other people (people schemata), events/situations (event schemata) and roles/occupations (role schemata). With regards to Piaget’s theory, a child might have a pre-conceived schema for a dog. If the household has a small West Highland White Terrier as a dog, the schema might be â€Å"small, furry, four legs, white†. When the child interacts with a new dog – perhaps a Labrador, it will change to incorporate the new information, such as â€Å"big, golden, smooth etc.† This is known as: †¢Assimilation Simply the process of incorporating new information into a pre-existing schema. So with the â€Å"dog† example, the child assimilated the Labrador’s information into the old dog schema. Assimilation is essentially fitting new information into schemata we already have in place. Unfortunately, this can lead to stereotyping. For example, if an old lady sees a teenager mug another person, she might assimilate â€Å"violence† or â€Å"crime† into her teenage schema. Next time she sees a teenager, her schema will be applied to them – and although they may be a kind person, she will probably show prejudice. Assimilation is normally a simple process, as new information already fits the pre-exisiting categories. †¢Accommodation When coming across a new object for the first time, a child will attempt to apply an old schema to the object. For consistency, let’s use the dog example again. The child may have â€Å"four legs, furry† in their dog schema. When coming across another similar animal, such as a cat, they might say â€Å"Look, a dog!† – that’s assimilation. However, when told that it’s actually a cat – not a dog – they will accommodate the new information into another schema. They will now form a â€Å"cat† schema; â€Å"not all four legged furry animals are dogs – some are cats too!†. They have accommodated the new information. The process just mentioned – of assimilation then accommodation is known as †¢Adaptation Assimilation and accommodation are the two parts of adaptation – which is simply what it says – adapting our schemata to make an accurate (enough) model of the world we live in. It is a form of learning, but an entirely different form to the kind you’d see in behaviourist psychology for example (such as operant/classical conditioning). †¢Equilibrium Piaget suggested that humans naturally strive to achieve a cognitive balance; there must be a balance between applying prior knowledge (assimilation) and changing schemata to account for new information (accommodation). Piaget suggested that when a child has a schema which doesn’t fit reality, there is tension in the mind. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, this tension is reduced and we can proceed to higher levels of thought and learning (equilibration). QUICK SUMMARY: Children have schemata (cognitive structures that contain pre-existing ideas of the world), which are constantly changing. Schemata constantly undergo adaptation, through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. When seeing new objects there is a state of tension, and a child will attempt to assimilate the information to see if it fits into prior schemata. If this fails, the information must be accommodated by either adding new schemata or modifying the existing ones to accommodate the information. By balancing the use of assimilation and accommodation, an equilibrium is created, reducing cognitive tension (equilibration). Vygotskys theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of making meaning. Unlike Piagets notion that childrens development must necessarily precede their learning, Vygotsky argued, learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function (1978, p. 90). In other words, social learning tends to precede (i.e. come before) development. Vygotsky has developed a socio-cultural approach to cognitive development. He developed his theories at around the same time as Jean Piaget was starting to develop his theories (1920s and 30s), but he died at the age of 38 and so his theories are incomplete although some of his writings are still being translated from Russian. No single principle (such as Piagets equilibration) can account for development. Individual development cannot be understood without reference to the social and cultural context within which it is embedded. Higher mental processes in the individual have their origin in social processes. Vygotskys theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways: 1: Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture affecting/shaping cognitive development this contradicts Piagets view of universal stages and content of development. (Vygotsky does not refer to stages in the way that Piaget does). 2: Vygotsky places considerably more emphasis on social factors contributing to cognitive development (Piaget is criticised for underestimating this). 3: Vygotsky places more (and different) emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development (again Piaget is criticised for lack of emphasis on this). Effects of Culture: Tools of intellectual adaptation Like Piaget, Vygotsky claimed that infants are born with the basic materials/abilities for intellectual development Piaget focuses on motor reflexes and sensory abilities. Vygotsky refers to Elementary Mental Functions – o Attention o Sensation o Perception o Memory Eventually, through interaction within the socio-cultural environment, these are developed into more sophisticated and effective mental processes/strategies which he refers to as Higher Mental Functions. For example, memory in young children this is limited by biological factors. However, culture determines the type of memory strategy we develop. E.g., in our culture we learn note-taking to aid memory, but in pre-literate societies other strategies must be developed, such as tying knots in string to remember, or carrying pebbles, or repetition of the names of ancestors until large numbers can be repeated. Vygotsky refers to tools of intellectual adaptation these allow children to use the basic mental functions more effectively/adaptively, and these are culturally determined (e.g. memory mnemonics, mind maps). Vygotsky therefore sees cognitive functions, even those carried out alone, as affected by the beliefs, values and tools of intellectual adaptation of the culture in which a person develops and therefore socio-culturally determined. The tools of intellectual adaptation therefore vary from culture to culture as in the memory example Social Influences on Cognitive Development Like Piaget, Vygotsky believes that young children are curious and actively involved in their own learning and the discovery and development of new understandings/schema. However, Vygotsky placed more emphasis on social contributions to the process of development, whereas Piaget emphasised self-initiated discovery. According to Vygotsky (1978), much important learning by the child occurs through social interaction with a skillful tutor. The tutor may model behaviours and/or provide verbal instructions for the child. Vygotsky refers to this as co-operative or collaborative dialogue. The child seeks to understand the actions or instructions provided by the tutor (often the parent or teacher) then internalizes the information, using it to guide or regulate their own performance. Shaffer (1996) gives the example of a young girl who is given her first jigsaw. Alone, she performs poorly in attempting to solve the puzzle. The father then sits with her and describes or demonstrates some basic strategies, such as finding all the comer/edge pieces and provides a couple of pieces for the child to put together herself and offers encouragement when she does so. As the child becomes more competent, the father allows the child to work more independently. According to Vygotsky, this type of social interaction involving co-operative or collaborative dialogue promotes cognitive development. In order to gain an understanding of Vygotskys theories on cognitive development, one must understand two of the main principles of Vygotskys work: the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). More Knowledgeable Other The more knowledgeable other (MKO) is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept. Although the implication is that the MKO is a teacher or an older adult, this is not necessarily the case. Many times, a childs peers or an adults children may be the individuals with more knowledge or experience. For example, who is more likely to know more about the newest teen-age music groups, how to win at the most recent PlayStation game, or how to correctly perform the newest dance craze a child or their parents? In fact, the MKO need not be a person at all. Some companies, to support employees in their learning process, are now using electronic performance support systems. Electronic tutors have also been used in educational settings to facilitate and guide students through the learning process. The key to MKOs is that they must have (or be programmed with) more knowledge about the topic being learned than the learner does. Zone of Proximal Development The concept of the More Knowledgeable Other is integrally related to the second important principle of Vygotskys work, the Zone of Proximal Development. This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. For example, the child could not solve the jigsaw puzzle (in the example above) by itself and would have taken a long time to do so (if at all), but was able to solve it following interaction with the father, and has developed competence at this skill that will be applied to future jigsaws. Vygotsky (1978) sees the Zone of Proximal Development as the area where the most sensitive instruction or guidance should be given allowing the child to develop skills they will then use on their own developing higher mental functions. Vygotsky also views interaction with peers as an effective way of developing skills and strategies. He suggests that teachers use cooperative learning exercises where less competent children develop with help from more skillful peers within the zone of proximal development.

The Lesson of Chaim Potok’s The Chosen :: Potok Chosen Essays

The Lesson of The Chosen The Chosen, written by Chaim Potok, is about two boys from different religious sects that become friends despite all of their conflicts. Danny and Reuven participated in a baseball game against each other and Danny smacked the ball directly into Reuven's face, shattered his glasses, and a piece of glass penetrated his eye. Danny went to visit him in the hospital but, before he could say anything, Reuven started screaming at Danny and commanded him to leave while Danny only wanted to say that he was sorry. When Reuven's eye healed, Danny went over to Reuven's house and they apologized and forgave each other. From then on Danny and Reuven help each other achieve their foremost important ambition in life. Reb Saunders poses an important question, "How can we raise ourselves above the dust?" which is the main theme in the novel. Danny searches for intellectual truth, Reb Saunders, Danny's father, tried to become as spiritual as possible while still on this earth, and Reuven desires to help other people. Danny Saunders yearned for more knowledge other then Talmud and wanted to raise his intellectuality higher then what he obtained in his isolated world. He learned Talmud most of the day and "After a while it gets a little boring"(69). The first time Danny met Reuven properly, Rueven was astonished because, " [Danny] recited about a third of [a] page [of Talmud] word for word, including the commentaries and the Maimonidean legal decisions of the Talmudic disputations. He did it coldly, mechanically, and, listening to him, [Reuven] had the feeling [he] was watching a sort of human machine at work"(69). He studies Talmud as if it were involuntary. Danny himself sometimes even "...gets the feeling we are all ants" because he has the same routine everyday, and learns Talmud over and over as if he was programmed. Also, ants do not do what they wish but are programmed and have natural instinct. This is beneficial in some ways, because if they all do the same thing their work pay s off. They are capable of building magnificent mounds that are amazing knowing that they are still ants and if it is destroyed they can speedily and sufficiently rebuild it exactly as it were before.

Benefits of Video Games

Whenever a new technology surfaces into the modern world, there will always be debates on the effects they bring to individuals and to the society in general. Though video games are hardly new, there have always been arguments whether the images they show have a huge harmful impact to people since video games are frequently associated with violence. So often people only see the negative side of what video games bring that we disregard the advantages they give.Children may be often pleaded by their parents to do anything rather than playing games. This may be because parents do not pay attention to the benefits we can acquire from video games. When playing video games, certain skills and abilities develop. Our body parts, specifically the hands and eyes, are required to work together for we perform various commands on the controller by our hands depending on what we see on the screen. Thus, it results to the enhancement of our hand-eye coordination.Video games require critical thinkin g. A gamer must not only memorize information but also analyze, conceptualize, and infer data gathered from the virtual environment. One key to complete a game is to study patterns and to use it into one’s advantage. This vital skill is utilized when creating strategies, tackling problems and making decisions. Most games involve quick reaction time and split-second decisions that can mean virtual life and death. Video games enhance people’s decision-making skills.Virtual reality is like a practice field for gamers to improve their cognitive ability, for them to be ready in the real world. With this, people are more likely to decide correctly, quickly, and accordingly depending on the situation. Gamers are often stereotyped as people sitting in front of a screen for long hours and are uninterested in social interactions. But video games often encourage players to interact with other players from around the world, with the help of the internet, and work together to accom plish tasks.This can help build social relationships and enhance people’s socialization skills. Some games’ objective is to become victorious above others. It gives a sense of competition and eagerness to win a battle. When one loses, his willingness to win intensifies the next time around. Video games stimulate people to do better and achieve the best. Video games are games. They are created with the intention to give pleasure and enjoyment to whomever they may serve. They accompany us when we are lonely and depressed. They help us pass time when we have nothing to do.They give us a taste of admirable graphics design and creativity. They offer some benefits like those of what outdoor activities give. Nothing is wrong with playing video games. But excessive hours of playing will bring anyone no good. It is necessary to keep things in moderation. The next time your parents tell you that video games will only make you violent, inform them thoroughly what good things you can acquire from playing. You can even invite them to play with you. Who knows? It could be the solution for their stress and depression.

A systems look at a construction problem

System theory, in general, is a field of study involving complex interactions between different groups or objects that work together to achieve a specific result. (O’Connor & McDermott 1997:11)In applications for management and organizations, systems theory involves the efficient communications of information. There are many different applied approaches such as the soft systems approach as well as the hard systems approach. This paper looks into the application of both approaches in a construction project.The Pre-contract SituationThe situation I will be discussing is the design of a world standard university to be provided through Descon Construction Company. The contractor (Descon) was selected after the due process, as listed out below:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Invitation by the university to Descon to bid for the contract2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identification by the university of suitable construction companies with the capability of carrying out the work from the total list o f bidders3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recommendation of Descon to the university4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descon tenders a copy of project management works and provides for complete audibility of the process5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment of Descon by the university6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The university tenders Descon with a copy of their evaluation and review of the construction company7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Submission of contract recommendations by Descon to the university8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Estimation by both parties of project cost, functionality, quality and time9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reporting by Descon and the university of their individual assessments of the project.10.   Compromise is reached by both parties and a final project plan is developed11.   Initiation by both parties of services and agreements stipulated within the contractThe situation that arose after the university building committee’s appointment of Descon as preferred bidder, and as the parties moved in to the next stage of detailed negotiation of the services (including buildings) to be provided, was what prompted this paper. During any contract or agreement, people enter into relationships.Such relationships will result in an outcome which, in this case, was the relationship between the University and Descon, the preferred bidder. The preferred bidder will ensure that the buildings are up to standard. Descon will also be responsible for any breach of contract and any poor services provided. The university building committee, on the other hand, will pay the stipulated amount as laid down in the Contract deedMatters arisingNo doubt numerous problems will arise in any given building contract situation, and this particular situation is no different. There is the problem of expecting complaints from the client as a result of building or design specification. However, the design desired by the client can still be met as result of good managerial and interdepartmental functions within t he system or organization.It should be understood that the two organizations are separate, large systems with different interacting units that make up the whole, and as such, room is made for adjustments in order to achieve the set objectives. These organizations are a collection of separate decision making systems, each with their own identity, purpose, understanding of the environment, beliefs and values based on which their decisions are made.Figure 1 below shows the structure of relationship between the two parties, the University and Descon, involved in the design project. This shows the clear distinction between the two groups as separate entities.